民用机场乘客登机流程优化综述

基于近年来民用机场乘客登机流程优化研究，从面向乘客、面向飞机、面向研究方法和面向新冠肺炎疫情方面分析了当前研究现状和研究成果，探讨了民用机场乘客登机流程优化的方法及措施，根据现有研究的不足展望了未来的研究方向。研究结果表明:面向乘客的优化研究通常将群体乘客作为主要考虑因素，以最小登机时间及登机干扰作为目标函数建立相关模型，并针对不同优先级乘客和迟到乘客进行分组考虑；WilMA和RP是综合性能较优的2种登机策略，Side-Slip新型座椅对登机时间影响最显著；乘客登机优化的求解方法包括模型法和仿真法，其中模型主要包括统计物理模型和数学模型，仿真包括元胞自动机和智能体；面向新冠肺炎疫情的登机研究更多地考虑了乘客的健康问题，并将登机时间和健康风险作为评估登机优劣的两大主要指标；未来研究需综合不同登机策略的优点以弥补单个策略的不足；自主性强的智能体仿真和未突出个体性差异的元胞自动机仿真需要相互结合；优化模型应考虑更多因素，寻找求解质量更高的启发式算法；需更加注重社交距离、戴口罩乘客人数及群体登机人数等对疫情环境下登机流程的影响研究；疫情防控常态化情况下如何最大化乘客安全和登机效率也是重要的研究方向。 

Review on passenger boarding process optimization at civil airports

On the basis of the recent research on the optimization of passenger boarding process at civil airports, the research status and achievements in this area was analyzed from the aspects of passenger, aircraft, methodology, and COVID-19 pandemic, the methods and measures to optimize the passenger boarding process at civil airports were discussed, and the directions of future studies were explored according to the deficiency in current research. Research results show that in the passenger-oriented optimization studies, the group passengers are considered a significant factor. The minimum boarding time and boarding interference are used as the objective functions to build relevant models, and the passengers with different priorities and latecomers are often considered in groups. WilMA and RP are two boarding strategies with excellent comprehensive performance, and the new Side-Slip seat has the most significant influence on boarding time. The solution of passenger boarding optimization include model methods and simulation methods, in which models mainly include statistical physical model and mathematical model, and simulations include cellular automata and agents. In terms of the COVID-19 pandemic-oriented boarding studies, the health of passengers is the main consideration, where boarding time and health risks are the two primary indicators to evaluate the quality of passenger boarding. In future studies, the advantages of different boarding strategies should be combined to overcome the shortcomings of different individual strategies. The agent-based simulation with strong independence should be combined with the cellular automata simulation that does not highlight the individual heterogeneity. More factors should be considered in optimization models, and better heuristic algorithms should be explored to solve optimization models. Moreover, the impacts of the factors such as the safe social distance, the number of passengers wearing masks, and the number of group boarding passengers on the process of boarding should be attached more importance. It is also an important research direction to explore how to maximize passenger safety and boarding efficiency under the regular COVID-19 epidemic control.