考虑非期望产出的大中城市公交营运效率评价

考虑公交运营的服务特性和非期望产出带来的负面影响，以我国35个大中城市公交运营系统为研究样本，采用松驰数据包络分析法，构建了公交服务效果与运营效率评价模型。结果显示：考虑非期望产出对公交的运营效率评价影响显著，公交服务效果和运营效率的平均分值分别为：0.61, 0.64，较考虑非期望产出前均有所下降，下降幅度分别为6.2%, 7.2%。研究表明，我国大中城市公交整体运营效率仍然有待提高，实施不同分类城市的差异化需求管理策略、发展清洁能源车辆、加强对公交服务质量的监督和管理是提高效率的重点。

Operation Efficiency Evaluation for Public Transport of Large andMedium-Sized Cities Based on Undesirable Output

Considering the service characteristics and negative impact resulted from the undesirableoutput of public transport, taking the public transport operation systems of thirty-five large and mediumsizedcities in China as empirical samples, an evaluation model of the service effect and operational efficiency of public transport was established based on Slack Based Model and Data Envelopment Analysis(SBM-DEA) method. A conclusion is summarized that considering undesirable output has significant impact on the operational efficiency evaluation of public transport. The average value of the service effectand operation efficiency of public transport are 0.61, 0.64, which decline by 6.2%, 7.2% compared withthe values of these without considering undesirable output. The overall efficiency of public transport inlarge and medium cities in China still needs improving. Implementation of differentiated demand management strategies, development of clean energy vehicles and strengthening the supervision of publictransport services are the key points to improve efficiency.