类推与植入:一种社会研究方法论探讨

本文在对社会学研究中实证主义与人文主义两种方法论考辨后认为，社会学研究方法论中存在两种与知识的特殊性和普遍性有关的认识方法，即“类推”和“植入”的研究方法。在一般情况下，人们是按照“类推”的方法来认识社会事实的，而当我们面对那些特殊的认识对象时，则应遵循“植入”的认识方法。不过，在实际的认识过程中，既不是单一地使用“类推”的方法，也不是“植入”的方法，而是二者的统一，即每一次认识都是“类推”与“植入”连续谱系中的某一个结点，是二者的综合。

Analogy and Embedding: A Discussion about Social Study Methodology

After reviewing positivism and humanism in sociology, the author believes that there are two cognitive methods related to the particularity and the universality of knowledge, namely, analogy and embedding. Generally, social facts are learned by people through analogy, while some special knowledge will be obtained through embedding. However, neither analogy nor embedding is used separately in practice. Instead, cognition happens at a point along the continuum of analogy and embedding, and thus is a combination of the two.