基于交易费用的航运组织制度演进机理

为了分析国际航运组织制度发展过程, 应用交易费用的基本理论, 研究了国际航运组织中班轮公会、协商协议组织、联营体、战略联盟等4种典型形式及其演进机理, 并以交易费用为基础对航运组织的诱导性和强制性两种制度变迁模式进行了对比研究。结果表明: 航运组织制度的形成与变迁过程均存在交易费用; 成本差额、摩擦成本以及机会成本等是航运组织制度演进过程中交易成本的具体体现形式; 由于交易费用, 航运组织制度具有非均衡性, 其发展是一个不断演进的非均衡过程。

Institutional evolution mechanism of shipping organization based on transaction cost

In order to analyze the institutional evolution process of international shipping organization, four kinds of typical forms, such as liner conference, discussion agreement, consortium, strategic alliance, and the evolution mechanism of international shipping organization were studied.Two institutional patterns of induced change and mandatory change for shipping organizations were compared based on transaction cost theory.Analysis result indicates that transaction costs exist in the processes of formulation and change of shipping organization.Cost margin, friction cost as well as opportunity cost are the specific forms of transaction cost in its evolution process.Because of transaction costs, shipping organization institution is non-equilibrium, and its development involves a changing and non-equilibrium process.