ETC 系统的环境效益评价测算模型

ETC系统在我国的应用规模逐渐扩大.科学度量和评价ETC方式所带来的能源环境效益，是ETC系统实施效果评价的关键问题.本文提出ETC系统的环境效益评价指标和测算模型.通过获取收费站区车辆行驶特性，选定7 类典型车型开展实车排放测试实验，模拟车辆通过ETC车道和MTC车道的行驶过程，基于整车排放测试系统获取不同车型通过不同收费车道的油耗和污染物（HC化合物，CO化合物和NOx化合物）排放监测值，构建基于排队长度和车型聚类的ETC环境效益评价指标计算模型.最后以北京市的实际情况为例，得到北京市ETC系统平均单次交易所产生的环境效益测算值.以2013 年为例，北京市ETC系统的实施，预计将节约410.15 万升的燃油消耗，减少730.9 t 污染气体排放.

Calculation Model on Environment Benefit Evaluation of the ETC System

The application of electronic toll collection (ETC) system has gradually expanded in China. Scientifically measure and evaluate the energy and environmental benefits brought by ETC is the key issue of ETC system post-evaluation. This paper presents the evaluation indicators and influencing factors of environment benefit of ETC system, and analyzes the driving characteristics of vehicle passing the toll station area. Then, a comparative analysis experiment under ETC and manual toll collection (MTC) scenarios by using seven typical vehicles are conducted based on the Vehicle Emissions Testing System (VETS).The amount of fuel consumption and pollutant emission (HC compounds, CO compound and NOx compounds) for different toll lanes are obtained from the tests. On this basis, the evaluation indicators calculating model of ETC environmental benefit are built. Finally, taking Beijing as an example, the paper calculates the environmental benefits of per ETC transaction in Beijing using the analysis model. The result shows that the ETC system in Beijing is expected to save fuel consumption of 4.10 million liters, and reduce pollution emissions by 730.9 tons in 2013.