铁路隧道旅客列车火灾热释放速率的确定方法

热释放速率(HRR)是影响火灾发展和严重程度的重要指标。受自身结构影响,铁路隧道内旅客列车一旦发生火灾,影响极为严重,因此需在确定热释放速率的前提下对隧道火灾进行预防设计,但目前并无针对我国普通旅客列车和动车组的实车试验成果可供设计采用。为此,在充分调研欧洲、美国等国内外学者对HRR的有关研究成果和规定的基础上,现场实测我国铁路列车参数及乘车人特征,通过数值模拟和现场试验对比分析的方法,得到不同火灾增长速率(FGR)条件下,最高温度和HRR之间的关系类似;同一FGR条件下,随HRR峰值的增大,最高温度随之升高。并结合国外大尺寸列车火灾试验曲线,对不同火灾规模、不同FGR下列车HRR峰值展开研究,最终确定动车组的HRR峰值为15MW,普通旅客列车的HRR峰值为20 MW,FGR为慢速,为防灾规范的修订和相关工程设计提供理论支撑。

Method to Determine Heat Release Rate of Passenger Train in Railway Tunnel in Case of Fire

Heat release rate( HRR) is an important index which influences the development and severity of fire. Limited by its structure,the passenger train in railway tunnel is extremely dangerous in case of fire,and it is necessary to determine the heat release rate before tunnel fire prevention design. But there is no real vehicle test result available for the design of ordinary passenger trains and EMU in China. To this end,the relationship between the maximum temperature and HRR at different fire growth rate( FGR) is obtained by means of numerical simulation and field test analysis based on the researches of domestic and international scholars in Europe,the United States and related regulations,and measured parameters of domestic railway train and occupants. Under the same FGR condition,the maximum temperature increases with the increase of HRR peak value. With reference to foreign large size train fire test curves,the train peak HRR with different fire scale and different fire growth rate( FGR) is studied and the peak HRR of EMUrailway tunnel fire is ultimately determined to be 15 MW,the ordinary passenger train is 20 MW with low FGR,which provide theoretical support for the revision of disaster prevention standard and related engineering design.