铁路沿线线性无线传感器网络路由协议研究

针对铁路沿线环境监测对象种类繁多、位置分散的特点,设计一种无线传感器网络用于将传感器采集信息传输至监测中心,该无线传感器网络由传感器节点、轨边汇聚节点、机房汇聚节点及中继节点组成,重点研究提出轨边汇聚节点与机房汇聚节点之间线性无线传感器网络路由协议。鉴于铁路沿线传感器节点采集信息的重要程度不同,该路由协议根据信息重要程度对数据包进行优先级排序。综合考虑网络寿命和信息重要程度,以网络生命周期内传输数据包数量最大化为目标,建立数据包转发模型和数据包排队模型。在网络能耗均衡的前提下,采用减少优先级高的数据包的转发次数和减少优先级高的数据包在轨边汇聚节点的排队时延两种方式,减少优先级高的数据包的总传输时延。仿真结果表明,该路由协议可以显著减少高优先级数据包的传输时延,均衡使用网络能量,最大化网络寿命。

Research on Routing Protocols for Linear Wireless Sensor Networks along Railway Lines

Monitoring objects along the railway line are in large number and scattered widely.In order to transmit the data collected by the sensors to the monitoring center,a wireless sensor network consisted of sensor nodes,sideway sink nodes,sink nodes and relay nodes is designed.In this paper,a routing protocol is designed to solve the routing problem in transmitting data between sideway sink nodes and sink nodes.Due to different importance level of the monitoring data from the sensors along the railway,data packets are sorted by priorities according to their importance.In designing this routing protocol,network lifecycle and data priority are considered.The packet forwarding model and packet queuing model are established to maximize the number of packets transmitted within network lifecycle.With balanced network energy consumption,two ways are used to reduce the delay of the high priority data packets:one is to reduce the forwarding of packets with high priority and the other is to reduce the queuing of packets with high priority.Simulation results show that this routing protocol can effectively reduce the transmission delay of high priority packets,balance the network energy consumption and improve the network lifecycle.