铁路隧道检测技术现状及发展趋势

传统隧道质量检测方法以人工检查为主,结果依赖于检测人员水平,效率极低,远不能满足现场需求。为了检测设备的研制和保障铁路隧道运营安全,通过调研国内外多种隧道检测新技术和不同类型的综合检测车,分析现有隧道检测技术的特点,结果表明:目前的检测技术存在病害检测指标相对单一、自动识别程度低、检测速度较慢等问题。提出铁路隧道检测环境与公路隧道及城市轨道交通相比存在的一些差别,得出铁路隧道检测技术有以下发展趋势:(1)隧道衬砌质量无接触式检测;(2)激光扫描将成为表面病害主要检测方式;(3)检测设备高度集成化;(4)检测数据采集和处理自动化;(5)铁路隧道检测车需采用专用轨道车辆。

Review and Developing Trend of Railway Tunnel Detection Technology

The traditional detection of railway tunnel is often completed manually, the results depend largely on the skill of the detecting personnel, and the efficiency is to low to meet the field needs. In order to develop detecting equipment and ensure the operation safety for the railway tunnel, a variety of new tunnel detection technologies and different types of comprehensive inspection vehicles at home and abroad are summarized, and the characteristics of the existing tunnel detection technology are analyzed. The results show that there exist such problems in current detection as relatively simple detection indicators, low percentage of automatic recognition, and low detection speed. Some differences between the detection environment of railway tunnel and that of highway tunnel and urban rail transit are put forward. It is concluded that the detection technology for railway tunnel has the following development tendencies: 1) The detection of tunnel lining quality will be non-contact detection; 2) Laser scanning will dominate the detection of lining surface defects; 3) Detection equipment will be highly integrated; 4) Detection data acquisition and post processing will become automated; 5) Railway tunnel inspection vehicle needs to be customized.