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简要分析了国内外关于铁路运营模拟系统的特点、主要功能和应用领域。针对目前国内外既有铁路运营模拟软件的不足，从工程设计角度探讨了我国铁路运营模拟系统的技术需求及其特点。结合目前我国铁路客运专线、城际铁路建设的基本形势，分析了工程设计阶段充分考虑与生产运营相协调的指导思想，提出了开发融工程设计与运营计划于一体、促进区段与车站作业计划相匹配的铁路运营生产过程模拟系统的框架和技术要点；最后通过案例研究了利用模拟系统优化铁路线路设计方案的案例，证明线路设计方案的改善可以节省列车运行能耗1/4甚至更多。通过该系统，将有利于实现在设计阶段提高运输组织设计工作精细度，进一步强化设计工作与运营过程结合的目标。

Development with Applications of Railway Operational Simulation Systems

This paper analyzes the characteristics, functions, and application fields of several international and domestic simulation systems. Targeting on the shortages existed in the current systems, the author discusses the technical demands of China engineers on railway operational simulation systems from the viewpoints of professional designers at engineering level. Prospecting on the demands coming from the large-scaled construction of high-speed, passenger and intercity railways, the author advances some key points on coordinating engineering design and operational organization, and put forwards a systematical framework to jointly consider the different requirements among train scheduling, facility layouts, and station operational schemes. The paper finally gives a case study of the application of a Chinese simulation system (GTMSS) on line geometric improvement with efficient energy consumption, which shows that significant saving on train energy consumption may be achieved by about one fourth. By efficient simulation systems, it is possible to polish the design of railway lines and stations, and further improve the quality of railway operations.