沉管隧道技术应用及发展趋势

随着我国城市化进程快速推进,很多大城市集中在江河两岸或江河入海口附近,沉管隧道具有埋深浅、通行能力大、线路短、横断面形状选择灵活、管节预制质量易于控制和防水效果好等优点,使得沉管隧道技术得到广泛应用和迅速发展。1)归纳沉管隧道的主要技术,有隧道位置的选择原则与建设条件调查、几何设计、结构与防水设计、接头处理、基础处理、管节浮运沉放等;2)从隧道的精细化地质勘察、基础处理、基础垫层处理和消防技术等方面,介绍目前世界上建造规模最大的沉管隧道——港珠澳大桥沉管隧道施工关键技术,其建设标志着我国沉管隧道技术已达到国际先进水平;3)结合国内外沉管隧道修建情况,总结沉管隧道工程技术的发展趋势:规模不断增大、环境适应性越来越强、施工装备水平不断提升、最终接头技术不断进步;4)随着沉管隧道理论设计、施工工艺和配套工程的不断发展,关键技术的不断完善,新工程的不断建设,以及新技术、新工艺和新设备的不断涌现,将推进沉管法隧道技术再上新台阶。

Application and Developing Trends of Immersed Tunnel

With the rapid development of urbanization, there are more and more big cities around river shores and mouth of rivers. The immersed tunnel technology has been widely applied and rapidly developed due to its advantages of shallow buried depth, large traffic capacity, short traffic line, flexible choice of cross section types, easy control of segment quality and good waterproof effect. In this paper: 1) Major technologies of immersed tunnel, i.e. site selection principle and construction condition investigation, geometric design, structure and waterproof design, joints design, foundation treatment and segment floating and sinking, are summarized. 2) The key construction technologies of Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge immersed tunnel, the largest scale immersed tunnel in the world at present, are introduced in terms of fine geological survey, foundation and foundation layer treatment and tunnel firefighting technology; the project indicates that the China’s immersed tunnel technology has reached the international advanced level. 3) The development tends of immersed tunnel technology, larger scale, better adaptability to environment and improvement of construction equipments and final joint construction technology, are summarized by studying the construction situation of immersed tunnels in China and abroad. 4) Thanks to the progress of theoretical design, construction technologies and their auxiliary projects and key technologies and new engineering construction, the immersed tunnel technology will reach a higher level.