世界中低运量轨道交通制式发展及适用性分析

中低运量轨道交通作为超大或特大城市地铁网络的加密和补充、大城市乃至中等城市的骨干线路，在解决城市交通问题方面发挥着重要作用。在对 65 个国家 496 座城市的 2 600 余条中低运量轨道交通运营线路调研的基础上，构建世界中低运量轨道交通线路数据库。基于该数据库，得到世界范围内运营的齿轨、有轨电车、悬挂式单轨、自动旅客捷运系统(automated people mover system，APM)、跨座式单轨、直线电机系统、中低速磁浮、电子导向胶轮系统和导轨式胶轮系统 9 种中低运量轨道交通制式，线路里程共 18 744.84 km；并统计中低运量轨道交通在各大洲、各国家的分布情况，结果显示其主要分布在欧洲的德国、俄罗斯等 32 个国家，线路里程达13 256.0 km，占比 70.7%；统计各制式在不同国家/城市、不同城市特征、不同线路功能定位的分布情况，结果显示，中低运量轨道交通制式主要服务于人口小于 300 万的城市，76.25%的有轨电车线路、47.82%的跨座式单轨线路和 42.11%的直线电机系统线路作为骨干线，84.62%的齿轨线路作为旅游线，70.73%的 APM 线路作为机场专线。同时，梳理总结各制式的起源与发展，并对技术特点和参数、适用性进行分析。研究成果以期为我国城市中低运量轨道交通制式的选择提供参考。

Development and Applicability Analysis of Medium- andLow-Volume Rail Transit Systems Worldwide

Medium- and low-volume rail transit, as a supplement to metro networks in super or mega megacities and as thebackbone of large and medium-sized cities, is essential for solving urban traffic problems. Based on a survey of more than2600 medium- and low-volume rail transit operation lines in 496 cities in 65 countries, a database of medium- and lowvolume rail transit lines worldwide was constructed. Based on this database, 9 types of medium- and low-volume rail transitsystems (gear rail, tram, suspended monorail, automated people mover systems (APM), straddle monorails, linear motor systems,medium- and low-speed maglev, electronic guidance rubber-tired system, and beam-guiding rubber-tired system) have beenobtained worldwide, with a total length of 18 744.84 km. And statistics were conducted on the distribution of medium- andlow-volume rail transit in various continents and countries. The results showed that it is mainly distributed in 32 countries in Europe, including Germany and Russia, with a total length of 13 256.0 km, accounting for 70.7%. Statistics show that thedistribution of various rail transit systems in different countries/cities, with different urban characteristics and functionalpositioning of different lines shows that medium- and low-volume rail transit systems mainly serve cities with a population ofless than 3 million. 76.25% of tram lines, 47.82% of straddle monorail lines, and 42.11% of linear motor system lines arebackbone lines, 84.62% of gear rail lines are tourist lines, and 70.73% of APM lines are airport dedicated lines. Additionally,the origin and development of each system are summarized, and the technical characteristics, parameters, and applicability ofeach system are analyzed. The results provide a reference for the selection of urban medium and low-volume rail transit systemsin China.