北京市轨道交通财政补贴模型研究

轨道交通财政补贴是落实"十三五"规划纲要中"加快发展城市轨道交通"的关键环节,是促进轨道交通运营企业可持续发展的重要保障。以北京市轨道交通为研究对象,介绍其财政补贴金额和补贴方式,并结合票价及财政补贴居民满意度调查结果,阐述现行财政补贴模型及政策存在的问题。以成本和票价收入为切入点,指出补贴模型应当兼顾企业、乘客、政府三方利益和依据乘客特征进行分类补贴的原则,进而从成本激励角度构建优化的标准成本补贴测算模型,从票价管控角度构建优化的目标利润率补贴测算模型。优化的财政补贴测算模型可以为提高北京市轨道交通财政补贴效率、疏解财政补贴压力提供决策支持。

Study on the Model of Financial Subsidy for Rail Transit in Beijing

The financial subsidy of rail transit is the key link for implementing the program to "accelerate the development of urban rail transit" in the "13th Five-Year Plan" and an important means for promoting the sustainable development of rail transit enterprises.Taking Beijing rail transit as the research object,introducing the amount and mode of current financial subsidy,and combining this with residents' satisfaction survey results,this paper identifies problems in the current financial subsidy models and policies.With the cost and ticket revenue as the breakthrough point,subsidy models should take into account the interests among enterprises,passengers,and government,and subsidies should be classified according to the characteristics of passengers.Then,this paper builds an optimized subsidy measurement model of standard cost from the perspective of cost incentives and constructs an optimized subsidy measurement model of target profit margin from the perspective of ticket price control.The optimized financial subsidy measurement model can provide decision support for improving financial subsidy efficiency and relieve the financial subsidy pressure on Beijing rail transit.