流行性出血热人群分布特征及主要传播因素的探讨

<正> 流行性出血热(EHF以下简称出血热)为小啮齿动物为传染源的疾病,在我国其主要传染源为黑线姬鼠,这已早为人们所熟知。近年来,又发现以褐家鼠为主要传染源的城市型和以大白鼠为主要传染源的实验室感染的出血热。至于本病的传播途径问题,长期以来,虽有各种假说——虫媒、呼吸、食物等途径,但均缺乏确凿证据,这对本病的有效防治带来了一定的困难。

A Survey of Distribution Characteristics and Main Transmissible Factors of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever

We analysed the distribution of EHF based on the registration information of infectious disease in a district of Xi'an suburb. An epidemiological investigation and a matched case-control studies with 107 cases who were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescent assay were further carried out in some communes and productive brigades where EHF appeared more severe. The transmissible factors of EHF were investigated. Fitness of poisson distribution showed clustering of the disease in productive brigades. Furthermore, correlation analyses indicated that the prevalence of EHF was correlated with the distance of a sewage irrigation canal and the coefficient of correlation was -0.37(P<0.01), manifesting negative correlation. The cases based on house in a severe epidemic village showed a binomial distribution, indicating that the distribution of EHF on house was randomized. However, the prevalence of EHF in the periphery of the village was more higher than that in it. Thus, the risk of infection of EHF in living environment was greater than productive. The data of matched case-control studies did not demonstrate any difference between the case and the control group under exposure. According to tentative analysis, food factor should be considered in the study of EHF transmission.