基于 TOPSIS 方法的明挖基坑风险识别

针对深基坑工程施工过程中潜在风险因素众多而难以识别的问题，提出基于直觉模糊优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)的多属性评价方法对风险因素进行评估。首先，基于基坑安全事故案例、专家工程经验和实际工程，分析并确定潜在的风险因素；进而，根据风险因素构建风险评价体系，应用直觉模糊数确定专家和评价准则的权重；最后，运用 TOPSIS 多属性决策方法识别和评估潜在的风险因素。最终通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。研究表明：本方法可有效识别施工过程的高风险因素，可作为基坑施工安全风险分析与控制的决策工具。

Identification of Risk Factors of Excavation Based on the TOPSIS Method

The complexity of deep-excavation construction arises from the influence of various potential risk factors on theconstruction procedure. To address this issue, this study introduces an intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method aimed at identifyingpotential high-risk factors. Initially, potential risk factors were determined through an analysis of the failure modes derivedfrom prior excavation accidents, insights from practical engineering projects, and the expertise of engineering professionals.Subsequently, a risk evaluation hierarchy was established, and weights were assigned to experts and criteria usingintuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A practical project involving a deep excavation was conducted to validate the feasibility of theproposed method. The results indicate that the TOPSIS method effectively identified high-risk factors. The developedmethod serves as a valuable decision-making tool for the safety risk analysis and control of excavation construction in similarengineering projects.