中国高速公路运输态势

挖掘了中国高速公路13年的客货车运输量、车辆结构、运行速度、运输密度、货车空驶和货车超载等历史数据, 分析了高速公路上客货车运输态势。分析结果表明: 2018年高速公路行驶量为7.32×1011 veh·km, 其中货车行驶量为2.21×1011 veh·km, 客车行驶量为5.11×1011 veh·km, 高速公路行驶量与车道里程相关系数高达0.99; 2018年高速公路旅客周转量达到1.77×1012人次·km, 相当于2006年高速公路旅客周转量的3倍, 相当于同年铁路旅客周转量的1.25倍; 随着私家车保有量的增加, 7座以下客车出行总量和比例均持续大幅增长, 已从2006年占高速公路总旅客周转量的29.75%, 增长至2018年的71.74%;2018年中国高速公路货物周转量为2.99×1012 t·km, 较2017年同比增长约4.25%;2018年高速公路货物周转量占全社会营业性货车货物周转量的42.00%, 且高速公路运输量波动与经济周期基本同步; 中国各省高速公路客货车运输较为合理; 2018年各省旅客和货物运输密度的基尼系数分别为0.36和0.30, 均处于相对合理区间; 2018年高速公路货运车辆结构进一步优化, 与2017年相比超载现象降低了1.63%, 货车空驶现象增加了4.28%。 

Transportation trend of Chinese expressway

The historical data of traffic volume, vehicle structure, vehicle speed, traffic density, empty driving and truck overload of Chinese expressway in 13 years were mined, and the transportation situations of passenger vehicle and freight vehicle on expressway were analyzed. Analysis result shows that the expressway vehicle driving capacity in 2018 was 7.32×1011 veh·km, in which the truck driving capacity was 2.21×1011 veh·km and the bus driving capacity was 5.11×1011 veh·km. The correlation coefficient of expressway vehicle driving capacity and lane mileage was as high as 0.99. In 2018, the passenger turnover volume of expressway was 1.77×1012 people·km, which was three times the value of in 2006 and 1.25 times of railway passenger turnover volume in the same year, respectively. With an increasing number of private car ownership, the total number and proportion of passenger vehicle trips with less than 7 seats increased substantially and continually, from 29.75% of the total passenger turnover of expressway in 2006 to 71.74% in 2018. The freight turnover volume of expressway was 2.99×1012 t·km in 2018, with a year-on-year growth of about 4.25% compared with 2017. The expressway freight turnover volume accounted for 42.00% of the total commercial truck turnover volume in whole society, and its fluctuation basically synchronized with the economic cycle. The passenger and truck transportation of expressway in each province were relatively reasonable. The Gini coefficients of passenger and freight transportation density in each province were 0.36 and 0.30 in 2018, respectively, both within the relatively reasonable range. With a further optimization of expressway freight vehicle structure, the excess freight decreased 1.63% and the empty-truck increased 4.28% in 2018 compared with 2017.