Area- and gender-based commuting differentials in India’s largest urban-rural region |
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| Institution: | 1. Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberplatz 1, 01217 Dresden, Germany;2. Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Business and Economics, Helmholtzstr. 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany;1. Federal University of Technology – Parana, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, Londrina, PR 86036-370, Brazil;2. State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, km 380, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil;3. State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790 – Vila Esperança, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil;4. Section of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil;5. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;6. Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;7. Visiting Research at Lund University, Lund, Sweden;1. École supérieure d’aménagement du territoire et de développement régional (ÉSAD), FAS-1622, Université Laval, Québec, Canada;2. AFEKA, Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Afeka Center for Infrastructure, Transportation and Logistics (ACITRAL), 38 Mivtza Kadesh St, 699812 Tel Aviv, Israel;1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. California PATH, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94804, USA;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India;1. School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;2. MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
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| Abstract: | In the countries of the Global South such as India, rapid urbanization and the increase in individual motorization may lead to a predominance of unsustainable commuting patterns. However, urbanization also has important positive effects, including the empowerment of women. This paper examines newly released, spatially disaggregated data on home-to-work commuting by non-agricultural workers in the National Capital Region of India. It aims to understand and compare commuting patterns in urban and rural areas, including choice of travel modes, commuting distances, and gender differentials.The results reveal a tendency observable in urban residents to use individual motorized transport more often both for short and for long trips, although the proportion of individual motorization is far from what it is in the industrial world. Rural areas are characterized by the predominance of non-motorized travel modes and a large share of long trips. The mobility gap between men and women does not appear to increase with literacy. In urban areas, women often choose to commute by car rather than using green modes of transportation (especially in higher-income districts). The paper stresses the importance of the area and gender differentials that need to be taken into account when formulating regional transport policies. |
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| Keywords: | Commuting India Gender differentials Rural-urban area Spatial regressions |
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