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The impact of alternative routeing and packaging scenarios on carbon and sulphate emissions in international wine distribution
Institution:1. Unité Mixte de Recherche, Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes 1208 (UMR IATE), INRA, SupAgro, Cirad, Université de Montpellier II, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France;2. UMR Science Pour l''Oenologie 1083, Université Montpellier 1 (UMR SPO), INRA, SupAgro, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France;1. Logyca/Research, Av. El Dorado #92-32 Torre G5, Piso 5, Ed. Connecta, Bogotá, Colombia;2. University of La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá. Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia;1. Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy;2. Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Via V. Volterra, 62, 00146 Rome, Italy;3. Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, University of Milano Italy, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Abstract:There is a large body of research related to carbon footprint reduction in supply chains and logistics from a wide range of sectors; however the decarbonisation of freight transport is mostly explored from a single mode perspective and at a domestic/regional level. This paper takes into account a range of alternative transport modes, routes and methods with particular reference to UK wine imports from two regions: northern Italy and Southeast Australia. The research examines supply chain structures, costs and the environmental impact of international wine distribution to the UK. A number of options are evaluated to calculate the carbon footprint and sulphate emissions of alternative route, mode, method of carriage, and packaging combinations. The estimation of CO2e emissions incorporates three main elements - cargo mass, distance and method of carriage; sulphate emissions are derived from actual ship routes, engine power and operational speeds. The bottling of wine either at source or close to destination is also taken into consideration. The key findings are: there are major differences between the environmental footprint of different routeing and packaging scenarios; the international shipping leg almost always has a much larger footprint than inland transport within the UK except in the hypothetical case of the rail shipments from Italy using flexitanks. With reference to sulphate, the lowest cost scenario among the sea maximizing options is also the sulphate minimising solution.
Keywords:International freight transport  Wine port/node/route selection  Sulphate emissions
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