城市轨道交通项目采用公私合作模式融资的几个问题

当前我国城市轨道交通建设的投融资主要是一种政府行为,政府起着主导作用。但庞大的建设投资按传统的政府财政投资模式或以政府信用为依托的银行贷款已经难以支撑。介绍了目前国际上流行的一种新的基础设施融资模式——公私合作(PPP)融资模式的特点、实施条件及其在轨道交通项目中的运作模式。结合北京地铁4号线、深圳地铁4号线的PPP模式运作实践,提出在国内城轨项目中应用时应注意的问题:加强对城轨融资的指导;加快前期准备工作;建立城轨项目的成本体系和票价调整机制;改革现有的审批程序等。有关政府部门应从法律法规、价格体系、参与者合同标准等方面完善具体操作规程,从而保证PPP能够成功运用到城轨项目中。

The Application of PPP Financing Model in URT Construction

With the rapid development of economy in China,a lot of new problems appeared,particularly in big cities such as traffic jam.At the same time,the situation of urban rail transit cannot meet the urgent needs of urban economic development.There are several reasons for this situation,however,and the key problem is the shortage of construction funding and the disadvantage of the existing financing model.In order to expand capital source, to improve the efficiency of construction and operation,a number of cities reformed the traditional "state-owned,state-run" model,and introduced the social investment and market competition mechanism into the process of financing,construction and operation,to achieve the goal of market-oriented operation of urban rail transit.As a new financing model for the construction of infrastructure,public-private-partnership(PPP) financing model gradually gains the wider concern in the field of infrastructure projects recently.This paper analyzes the characteristics and the implementation conditions of PPP model,discusses the operation mode of PPP in rail transit project based on the project operation of Beijing metro Line 4 and Shenzhen metro Line 4,points out that while applying PPP model in a subway project in China,attention shall be given to more than one issues.The authors argue that the government departments should regulate the operation rules,including the laws,the price system,the participant contract standards,and so on.With a full consideration to the situation of urban rail transport system and the successful application of PPP financing model in China,this paper provides some suggestions and strategies to cope with the urban traffic problems.