国外潜艇声隐身前沿技术发展综述

  目的  针对单一腔型声学覆盖层低频隔声性能和耐压性能较差的特点，使用COMSOL有限元软件计算组合空腔结构声学覆盖层的声学性能和在静水压力下的变形量。  方法  将COMSOL软件仿真结果与前人的实验值进行对比，以验证采用COMSOL软件计算声学覆盖层隔声量和吸声系数的有效性，并研究组合空腔几何尺寸和小孔结构对声学覆盖层的隔声、吸声和耐压性能的影响。  结果  结果表明：声学覆盖层的空腔体积越大，低频段的隔声性能越好，中、高频段的吸声性能变差， 相邻空腔之间的距离增大会降低低频段的隔声量；空腔对耐压性能的影响在于其体积占比越大，耐压性能越差； 在组合空腔四周布置一定数量的圆柱小孔会提高声学覆盖层低频段的隔声和吸声性能，并使峰值频率向低频移动。  结论  因此，组合空腔中几何尺寸的选取需考虑低频隔声性能与耐压性能之间的平衡，在组合空腔四周布置圆柱小孔也能改善声学覆盖层的低频声学性能。

Summarize of foreign submarine acoustic stealth frontier technologies development

  Objectives  In view of the poor sound insulation performance and pressure resistance of anechoic layer with single cavities at low frequencies, the finite element software COMSOL is used to calculate the acoustic performance and deformation of a combined cavity structure under hydrostatic pressure.  Methods  Comparing the results of the COMSOL simulation with the experimental data, the validity of COMSOL in calculating the sound transmission loss and absorption coefficient of an anechoic layer is verified. Then, the effects of the geometrical size of the combined cavity and the hole structures on the sound insulation, sound absorption and pressure resistance are studied.   Results  The results show that the larger the effective cavity volume of the anechoic layer, the better the sound transmission loss performance of the anechoic layer at low frequencies and the worse the sound absorption performance at high frequencies. However, the larger the distance between adjacent cavities, the lower the sound transmission loss of the sound insulation material at low frequencies. The influence of the cavity within the anechoic layer on its pressure resistance is that the larger the volume of the cavity, the worse the pressure resistance becomes. Placing a certain number of cylindrical holes around the combined cavity can improve the sound insulation and absorption performance at low frequencies, and make the peak frequency shift to a lower frequency.  Conclusions  Therefore, the selection of the volume of the combined cavity needs to consider the balance between the low frequency sound insulation and the pressure resistance. The arrangement of the cylindrical holes around the combined cavity can also improve the low frequency acoustic performance of the anechoic layer.