高速列车火灾疏散性能研究

针对高速列车火灾逃生通道狭小的特点,首先利用Pyrosim仿真软件结合真实燃烧试验所得的材料参数,进行了列车的火灾仿真。通过火势扩散程度、温度、热流量和烟层高度变化,确定了火灾状况下列车内乘客的极限逃生时间。然后通过人群疏散演练试验,并用Pathfinder软件对疏散情况仿真建模,确定了人群实际的疏散逃生时间。在列车中部起火后,引导疏散方案与自由疏散方案均能满足仿真所得的极限逃生时间要求,但引导疏散方案的效率更高。通过对整列列车的轨道面疏散仿真发现,若配有逃生梯的车厢起火,应及时将逃生梯转移,以大幅提高疏散效率。

Research on the Evacuation of High-speed Train in Fire Disaster

In view of the narrow escape passage on highspeed train when a fire breaks out,the case in running train is simulated based on material parameters obtained by Pyrosim simulation software combined with real combustion test.The ultimate escape time for passengers in case of fire is confirmed by investigating into the changes of fire spreading degree,temperature,heat flow and smoke layer height.Subsequently,the actual evacuation and escape time are confirmed by crowd evacuation drill and test,Pathfinder software is used for simulation modeling on the evacuation.When the fire bereaks out in the middle of the train,both the guided evacuation time and the free evacuation time can meet the limit time through fire numerical simulation,but the efficiency of guided evacuation is higher.By simulating the orbital plane evacuation of the whole train,if the carriage with emergency ladder is on fire,the ladder should be transferred in time to improve the evacuation efficiency substantially.