无人船在海洋调查领域的应用分析

基于无人船机动灵活、安全性高、可在常规调查平台受限的水域作业的特点,将其引入海洋调查领域,作为一种新型调查平台使用。海洋调查无人船主要用于海洋环境观测和海底探测,目前其发展的关键在于如何降低平台对任务载荷的扰动,保证循线精度,提高通信系统的可靠性。根据水深、水动力和水底地形地貌等条件,将无人船工作环境分为岛礁区、滨海区、浅海区、半深海区和深海区5类;结合作业环境,以无人船的体量和吃水深度为依据,建议将其分为微型平台、小型平台、中型平台、大型平台和超大型平台,并对适配任务载荷作出分析。

Application Analysis of Unmanned Vehicle in the Field of Marine Survey

Based on such characteristics of unmanned vehicle as flexible maneuverability, high security and ability to operate in restricted waters for conventional survey platforms, it is introduced into the field of marine surveys as a new kind of survey platform. Unmanned vehicles for marine survey are mainly used to observe the marine environment and to explore the seabed. Its key development aspect now is to reduce the platform’s disturbance to the mission load, ensure the accuracy of the inspection line and improve the reliability of the communication system. According to the conditions of water depth, hydrodynamics, underwater topography etc.,unmanned vehicles’ work environment is divided into five categories: island reef area, coastal area, shallow sea area, semi-deep sea area and deep-sea area. Considering the operation environment and based on the volume and draft of the unmanned vehicles, it is recommended to divide them into micro-platforms, small-scale platforms, medium-sized platforms, large-scale platforms and super-large platforms, and to analyze the corresponding mission payloads.