预期接管场景下接管绩效及接管风险研究

为了解条件自动驾驶预期接管场景下,预提醒(有预提醒和无预提醒)、速度差(30 km·h-1速度差和无速度差)和接管预留时距(5 s预留时距和7 s预留时距)对驾驶人接管绩效的影响,基于驾驶模拟器,设计了高速公路出口前的预期接管场景,进行接管过程的模拟驾驶试验.试验共招募39名被试(26名男性,13名女性),被试平均年龄...

Takeover-performance and Takeover-risk Evaluation Under Non-critical Transition Scenarios

To examine the takeover performance during planned, non-critical transitions in automated driving, takeover scenarios were established at a planned expressway exit using a driving simulator. The following conditions were considered:pre-warning (with or without warning), takeover-request lead time (TORlt, 5 s or 7 s), and speed difference between the ego vehicle and the lead vehicle (30 km·h^-1 or no difference). A total of 39 participants were recruited with an average age of 29.8 years (standard deviation, 10.4) and an average driving experience of 6.2 years (standard deviation, 4.6). The participants were asked to engage in mobile-phone games during the automated driving, and to take over control of the vehicle after a takeover request was issued. The results show that, in a non-critical transition, the driver's eye fixation on the rear mirrors is extremely low (0.8%-2.1%) and the pupil diameters are larger when there is a speed difference or pre-warning. Providing a pre-warning can significantly decrease the visual response time, allowing drivers to choose the observe-then-take-over transition mode. Moreover, providing a pre-warning can significantly decrease the takeover time. The speed difference can significantly influence the driver's takeover response time when no pre-warning is provided. When a pre-warning is provided, however, the speed difference's impact on the takeover time becomes insignificant. In addition, a shorter TORlt leads to a faster brake-response time. The distribution of the brake-response time becomes more concentrated without a pre-warning, while providing a pre-warning can decrease the brake-response time. Although a pre-warning has a more significant impact on takeover performance measures, the TORlt is more significant in impacting takeover risk levels.