甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素及睾丸间质细胞结构及功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量甲醛急性染毒后对雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素及睾丸间质细胞结构和功能的影响。方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为甲醛染毒高[10mg/(kg.d)]、中[1mg/(kg.d)]、低[0.1mg/(kg.d)]剂量组和对照组(注射生理盐水)4组,每组12只。腹腔注射染毒7d后,进行精子质量检测,放免法测血清激素,制备睾丸组织标本,光镜下观察睾丸组织形态,并进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,各剂量甲醛染毒组的精子数量、活动率显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.001),而精子畸形率显著升高(P<0.001);甲醛染毒剂量与血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平呈显著正相关(r=0.709,P<0.05;r=0.622,P<0.05),与血清睾酮(T)水平则呈显著负相关(r=-0.762,P<0.05);光镜下中、高剂量甲醛染毒组大鼠睾丸组织部分间质萎缩,间质细胞水肿,数量减少,并且间质细胞呈退化趋势。结论一定剂量的甲醛急性染毒对雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素水平、间质细胞的结构及功能都造成了明显的损伤,这也是甲醛具有生殖毒性的重要原因之一。

Effects of formaldehyde exposure on sperm quality,serum sex hormone content and Leydig cell structure and function in adult male rats

Objective To explore the effects on sperm quality,serum sex hormones as well as Leydig cell structure and function in male rats after acute exposure to different doses of formaldehyde.Methods Totally 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(12 rats in each) exposed to high dose,medium dose and low dose of formaldehyde [10 mg/(kg·d),1 mg/(kg·d) and 0.1 mg/(kg·d),respectively] and the control group(injected with saline).Seven days after intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde,their sperm quality was analyzed,serum hormones were measured with radioimmunoassay,and the testicular tissue sections were observed under light microscope.All results were analyzed statistically.Results Compared to those in control group,the number and motility of sperms in various doses of formaldehyde exposure groups decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.001),and sperm abnormality rate significantly increased(P<0.001).The dose of formaldehyde exposure was positively correlated with serum levels of FSH(r=0.709,P<0.05) and LH(r=0.622,P<0.05) significantly,but negatively correlated with serum level of T significantly(r=-0.762,P<0.05).The interstitial tissues of the rat testis in high dose group became atrophic,with edema and reduced number of Leydig cells.Conclusion Acute exposure to formaldehyde of a certain dose can cause significant damages to the structure and function of rat testis,including sperm quality,serum sex hormone level as well as the structure and function of Leydig cells,which is one of the important manifestations of reproductive toxicity of formaldehyde.