An efficient realization of deep learning for traffic data imputation |
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Affiliation: | 1. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;4. Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China |
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Abstract: | Traffic data provide the basis for both research and applications in transportation control, management, and evaluation, but real-world traffic data collected from loop detectors or other sensors often contain corrupted or missing data points which need to be imputed for traffic analysis. For this end, here we propose a deep learning model named denoising stacked autoencoders for traffic data imputation. We tested and evaluated the model performance with consideration of both temporal and spatial factors. Through these experiments and evaluation results, we developed an algorithm for efficient realization of deep learning for traffic data imputation by training the model hierarchically using the full set of data from all vehicle detector stations. Using data provided by Caltrans PeMS, we have shown that the mean absolute error of the proposed realization is under 10 veh/5-min, a better performance compared with other popular models: the history model, ARIMA model and BP neural network model. We further investigated why the deep leaning model works well for traffic data imputation by visualizing the features extracted by the first hidden layer. Clearly, this work has demonstrated the effectiveness as well as efficiency of deep learning in the field of traffic data imputation and analysis. |
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Keywords: | Traffic data imputation Deep learning Missing data |
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