城际直达列车开行方案优化研究

以一定客流时段内城际直达旅客列车开行方案为研究对象，确定列车开行频率和列车编组。对旅客出行的广义费用进行分析，将城际直达客流的广义出行费用分为票价费用、候车时间、延迟费用、拥挤费用。得出了广义出行费用下客流乘车选择的一般规律：选择各列车的客流，其期望出行时间连续分布在所乘列车两侧，各个列车的客流吸引范围具有一致性。建立了以客流总出行费用最小和企业效益最好为目标的优化模型，并对模型进行了分析求解。算例结果表明，列车编组和开行频率是列车开行方案中具有密切联系的两个组成部分，小编组和高密度的开行模式能够显著提高运营服务水平。

Optimization method of intercity trains through train plan

Taking train plan in a given period in intercity rail transit as an research example, the operating fre- quency and the formation of trains were determined. Passengers＇ generalized travel expense which consists of the cost of the ticket, waiting time, schedule delay expense and congestion expense was analyzed. Then the law of expected boarding choice under the condition of the generalized travel cost was derived. The law states that the time of passengers on every train distributes continuously around the departure times of trains and the attractiveness range of each train is uniform. The optimization model with the objectives of minimizing passengers＇ generalized travel expense and maximizing operator＇ s operation profit was put forward and was cal- culated by using an analytic method. The results show that the relationship between train formation and service frequency was very close and the short train formation and high frequency mode can significantly improve the service level of operation.