超限运输的成因及治理对策

采用经济学的成本及价格分析工具,阐明了超限运输经济利益驱动的两种表现形式:多装货可以增加收入;使用“大吨小标”车辆可以降低成本。通过利润最大化极值条件的求解,发现在一般情况下,运输业户始终未实现利润最大化,受到利益驱动会不断增加货物装载质量。此外,通过在运输利润分析中增加执法因素,发现影响超限运输执法效果的两个要素是超限检测概率和处罚严厉程度。最后,在成因分析的基础上,提出了加大经济调节力度,提高路面执法强度,加大超限处罚力度的超限运输治理总体思路。

Cause of Overweight Transportation and Administration Countermeasure

Authors used economic cost and price analysis method to analyze two patterns of the economic profit incentive of overweight transportation: overloading could increase revenue and using lower registered but actually higher load ability vehicle could decrease tax and fee.By evaluating the highway transportation profit maximum condition,authors found that highway transportation operators could not maximize their profit,so they tried to load more goods.Then,authors added the enforcement factor into transportation profit maximum analysis and found overweight detection probability and punishment degree were two key factors influenced overweight transportation enforcement effect.On the basis of cause analysis,authors put forward the main idea of overweight transportation administration,such as strengthening economic adjustment,enhancing intensity of weight enforcement and severity of overweight punishment.