自锁原理在混凝土块体安装机械中的应用

孟加拉Mirsarai海岸防护项目工程护底块体采用100 cm×80 cm×60 cm长方体混凝土块体。在块体生产堆放过程中，须采用夹块机运输，但在安装时由于该护底块未设计吊钩，故无法采用吊车安装，只能用长臂挖机安装液压夹进行夹块安装。液压夹故障率较高，且夹块困难，安放时力度不好控制，容易造成块体间的碰撞损伤。为此，对现有的机械设备做出改进，根据物理学中的静摩擦自锁现象，制作出自锁型夹子。该夹子在夹块时仅仅依靠夹子橡胶复合结构和混凝土块自身重力产生的摩擦力夹紧块体，而安放时仅须旋转挖机斗改变受力钢丝绳来松开块体，无须人员辅助，有效地解决了块体安装过程中机械伤的问题。同时，由于自锁型夹子制作简单、维修方便，因此提高了生产效率、降低了成本。

Application of self-locking principle in concrete block installation machinery

The Mirsarai coastal protection project of the Bangladesh uses 100 cm×80 cm×60 cm concrete blocks as the bottom protection structure.In the process of concrete block production and stacking,it is necessary to transport the block by the forklift. However,there are some difficulties in installation.Because the bottom block is not designed with a hook,it cannot be installed by crane. We can only use the long-arm excavator to install the hydraulic clamp for the clamp installation. However,the failure rate of the hydraulic clamp is high,and the block clamping is difficult.The strength is not well controlled when it is placed,and it is easy to cause collision damage between the blocks. So,we improve the existing machinery and equipment by making a self-locking clip according to the static friction self-locking phenomenon in physics.The clip clamps the block only by the frictional force generated by the clamp rubber composite structure and the gravity of the concrete block itself. When installing,it only needs to rotate the excavator bucket to change the force wire rope to loosen the block body,with no need of personnel assistance to effectively solve the problem of mechanical damage during the block installation.Moreover,since the self-locking clip is simple to manufacture and convenient to maintain,the production efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced.