全寿命视角下的公共停车场PPP项目成本效益分析

为了保障政府和社会资本合作（Public-Private Partnership, PPP）的公共停车场项目合理的成本效益，应用全寿命周期理论，系统梳理了其成本效益组成结构及影响因素，建立了不同PPP模式下不同建筑形式的停车场（地下停车场、停车楼和机械式停车场）固定成本模型、年运营收入与费用模型和基于动态投资回收期的成本效益分析模型；探讨用地、停车收费及金融政策对不同PPP模式、不同建筑形式公共停车场动态投资回收期的影响，并以居住类公共停车场为例开展案例分析。结果表明：当内部收益率和收费价格一定时，对于机械式停车场和地下停车场，TBT（Transfer-Build-Transfer）模式动态投资回收期最短，其次为BOT（Build-Operate-Transfer）模式和BOO （Build-Own-Operate）模式；对于停车楼，BOT模式动态投资回收期最短，其次为TBT模式和BOO模式；当附属商业面积比例为20%时，不同建筑形式的居住类公共停车场动态投资回收期均小于15年，满足社会资本目标；土地价格一定时，增加附属商业面积比例可以使动态投资回收期缩短0.4~10年；转让停车场规模为小型或中型时，转让车位价格小于21.21万元，社会资本均可在15年内收回成本。

Cost-Benefit Analysis of PPP Project of Public Parking Lot from Perspective of Life Cycle

To ensure the reasonable cost-benefit of Public-Private Partnership(PPP) projects of public parking lots, based on the life cycle theory, the cost-benefit structure and influencing factors of PPP project of public parking lot were analyzed. The fixed cost model, annual operating income and expenses model and cost-benefit model based on dynamic investment payback period of different architectural forms including underground parking lot, parking buildings and mechanical tridimensional garage, under different PPP modes were established. The impacts of land use policy, parking charge policy and financial policy on dynamic investment payback period under different PPP modes and different architectural forms of public parking lots were discussed. Taking a residential public parking lots as an example, the results showed that when the internal return rate and parking price were fixed, for mechanical tridimensional garage and underground parking lot, the dynamic investment payback period of Transfer-Build-Transfer(TBT) mode was the shortest, followed by Build-Operate-Transfer(BOT) mode and Build-Own-Operate(BOO) mode; for parking buildings, the dynamic investment payback period of BOT mode was the shortest, followed by TBT mode and BOO mode. When the proportion of subsidiary commercial area was raised to 20%, the dynamic investment payback period of residential public parking lots with different building forms were all below 15 years, which can meet the demand of the private sector. When the land price was fixed, increasing the proportion of subsidiary commercial area can shorten dynamic investment payback period by 0.4~10 years; when the transferred parking lot was small or medium-sized, and the transferred price of parking space was less than 212.1 thousand yuan, the private sector can recover costs within 15 years.