租约与战争风险

随着恐怖分子对美国的袭击及其后战争风险的加剧,战争风险问题已成为航运业的热门话题,船舶所有人除了要面对海上保险业中愈来愈苛刻的战争保险条款,更要面对租约中变化多端的战争条款。二战后,BIMCO推荐的各种标准战争条款(例如Voywar条款和Conwartime条款)已被广泛地采用;然而实践也表明,BIMCO标准的战争条款并不能涵盖所有的战争风险,作为船舶所有人若知道船舶将进入战区,对BIMCO标准战争条款的内容根据实际情况进行重新设计是必要的,但这要建立在对BIMCO标准战争条款仔细研究的基础上。本文将以BIMCO标准战争条款(Voywar1993和Conwartime1993)为基础,对几种常用的标准战争条款做一评析和比较。

Charter Party and War Risks

War risks are always hot topics, especially after the raid of terrorist in USA, within shipping industry, which have to be faced by the shipowners not only in marine insurance clauses, but also in varieties of charter party clauses. In practice, those standard war risks clauses recommended by BIMCO, e.g. Voywar and Conwartime clauses, have been commonly used in the charter party since the Second World War. However, they cannot cover all the circumstances and the revisions before entering into charter party sometimes are particularly necessary. This article will examine BIMCO standard war risks clauses (Voywar 1993 and Conwartime 1993) by comparison with other standard clauses.