幼儿群体单向流运动行为特性分析

现有关于行人群体运动行为的研究和规范绝大部分是以成年人群为主体的研究,关于儿童群体的理论及实验研究非常匮乏,在进行儿童群集运动管理及幼儿相关步行设施设计时往往需要参考以成年人群为主体所获得的理论及经验数据。本文组织了不同情境下(正常情况及应急疏散)幼儿群体的运动实验,通过实验数据对幼儿群体单向流运动的流密速关系、速度离散性、个体超越行为等基本特性进行了定量研究,并和成年人群的相关特性进行比较分析。实验结果表明,幼儿群体单向流的流(速)密关系呈现一种弥散性的分布,其速度的变异系数接近成年人的4~6 倍;此外,相比于成年人群中所表现出的秩序性,幼儿在单向流运动过程中更倾向于发生超越行为,其在通道中的平均位次变化强度接近成年人实验的3倍。本文研究成果有助于进一步了解幼儿群体单向流运动的基本特性,厘清幼儿与成年人群体的行为特性差异,以更好地指导幼儿群集运动的管理,以及为幼儿相关步行设施的设计和评估提供参考。

Analysis of Children Behavior in Unidirectional Collective Movement

Most of the existing researches and norms on pedestrian flow are based on the adult populations. There arerelatively few researches on the theories and empirical results relevant to children pedestrians. As a result, it isnecessary to refer to those adult related theories and empirical data for children related collective movementmanagement and walking facilities design. In this study, unidirectional children collective movement experiments wereconducted under different scenarios, namely, normal situation and emergency. With the experimental data, several basiccharacteristics of children unidirectional flow were investigated, such as the density- flow(speed) relationships, scatterof speed, and individual overtaking behavior. The experimental results reveal that the flow (speed)-density relationshipsof children unidirectional flow are scattered, and the coefficient of variation of speed of children is close to 4 to 6 timesof the speed variation in adult experiments. In addition, compared with the orderliness of adult experiments, childrenare inclined to overtake others during the experiments and the strength of the change of ranking for children is close to3 times that of adult experiment. It is expected that the datasets and findings from this research could help to increasethe understandings of children behaviors in unidirectional collective movement and their differences with the adultpopulations, then help to guide the collective movement management of children and to provide valuable resources forthe design and evaluation of children related walking facilities.