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列车备品是铁路旅客列车上的重要服务设施，直接影响铁路旅客运输及列车服务质量.由于在旅客运输生产服务过程中，不可避免会发生各类备品的丢失、污损、破损和损耗等情况，为保证旅客列车服务质量，必须对丢失、污损、破损和损耗的各类备品及时补充和更换.本文首先将铁路旅客列车备品划分为三类，然后根据采购、库存和使用各类备品过程中的特性，采用库存理论基本原理和方法，结合中国铁路旅客运输生产实际，提出计算旅客列车备品订购和库存管理模型，分析备品的理想订购和库存管理模型与实际订购和库存管理模型的关系及应用.

Order and Inventory Management Model of Railway Passenger Train Spare Parts

Spare parts are important facilities for railway passenger train service,which directly impacts on the service qualities.During the service processes,spare parts may be lost,defaced and damaged,etc.To ensure a high quality service of passenger train,the lost,defaced or damaged spare parts should be supplemented and replaced.In this paper,railway passenger train spare parts are divided into three categories.Then,based on the characteristic analysis,the paper develops the models for ordering,storing and managing the passenger train spare parts,and presents the application and relations between the ideal and actual models of ordering,storing and managing the passenger train spare parts.