A Novel Optimal Routing for Navigation Systems/Services Based on Global Navigation Satellite System Quality of Service

The positioning quality of global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or GNSS quality of service (QoS), is a major factor impacting real-time navigation performance. Commonly requested routes (i.e., shortest or fastest) may include areas with poor GNSS QoS, which can subsequently degrade navigation performance. To provide alternative routes with high or acceptable GNSS QoS along a route, a novel optimal routing for navigation systems/services based on GNSS QoS by utilizing integrated GNSS (iGNSS) QoS prediction is presented in this article. New routing criteria based on GNSS QoS are maximum availability, maximum accuracy, maximum continuity, and maximum reliability. Two experiments were conducted to compare GNSS QoS-based routes against shortest routes. In one experiment, routes were simulated, and in another, generated routes based on GNSS QoS were evaluated against GPS-based trajectories as ground truths. The results show that GNSS QoS-based routes provide routes with higher QoS, more than 50%, and longer, about 50%, than shortest routes.