机车非制式电笛指向性实验研究

机车（轨道车）在城区限制鸣笛条件下,有效利用和改善非制式电笛指向性是提高机车可见性的手段之一。作者根据城区典型道口的背景噪声调查及相关标准要求,确定了道口安全环保的声学条件,并通过对非制式电笛指向性的实验测试和分析,提出该非制式电笛存在指向性不理想、示警距离不足的问题。在此基础上优化试制了新型非制式电笛,并在静态和动态条件下,对其指向性进行了实验测试与分析。结果表明,在安全示警的条件下,新型非制式电笛的指向性得到有效改善,能够满足环保和安全示警的双重要求。

Experimental Study on the Directivity of Nonstandard Electric Horn of Locomotive

Under the conditions that horning is limited in urban areas,effectively utitizing and improving the directiveity of the nonstandard electric horn is one of the means to improve the visibility of locomotives. Acoording to the investigation of background noises at several typical crossings in urban areas and the pertinent criterions, the acoustic conditions of the safety and environmental protection of crossings are determined. Through tests and analysis of the directivity of the existing nonstandard electric horns, the problems of inferior directivity and insufficient warning distance are found and pointed out. To improve the directivity of locomotive electric horns, a new nonstandard electric horn has been trial-produced and tested on the static and dynamic conditions. The results indicate that the directivity of the new eletric horn has been improved and the environment and safty requirements can be satisfied.