含大功率脉冲性负荷的船舶供电系统设计及研究

脉冲性负荷是一种功率波动明显、频率切换频繁的负载,而船舶电力系统的容量和惯性较小,容易受到负荷波动的影响。本文首先根据雷达的种类、功率,及其运行特性和影响,将其进行分类并梳理出相应的解决思路,对功率波动周期和占空比都不确定的脉冲负荷雷达进行研究。由于柴油机的调速特性和发电机的调压特性都跟不上负荷频幅的波动,脉冲性负荷的工作会给船舶电力系统造成恶劣的影响,本文设计了一种含电容储能的脉冲性负荷供电系统,并完成储能电容参数的计算,结合柴油发电机组固有机械储能特性优化配置电容储能的容量。通过仿真验证了该供电系统在雷达多种典型工况下,直流母线电压的波动满足相关指标要求,网侧输入功率平滑稳定,且网侧电压谐波小于2%,满足负荷供电需求及舰船电网抗负载冲击的要求。研究结果对脉冲负载在舰船电力系统中的应用及其设计方面具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

Design and Research on the Power Supply of Pulsed Loads in the Ship

Pulse load is a kind of load with obvious power fluctuation and frequent frequency switching, while the capacity and inertia of ship power system is small, so the system is easy to be affected by load fluctuation. In this paper, first of all, according to the types of radar whose power and operation characteristics are different, we sort them out and tease out the corresponding solution. Then we do research on radar whose power fluctuation cycle and duty cycle are not sure .Because the speed regulation characteristics and voltage regulation characteristics can not keep up with the load fluctuation, which would have a bad effect on the ship"s power system. This paper designs a kind of power supply system for the pulse load with capacitor energy storage, and completes the capacitor parameters calculation, optimizes allocation of energy storage devices according to the capacity of diesel generating sets. The power supply is verified by the simulation system under a variety of typical working conditions of radar. The voltage fluctuation of the DC bus meets the requirements, the input power of the network side is smooth and stable, and the harmonic of the network side voltage is less than 2%, which meets the demand of load power supply and the demand of the ship power grid against load impact. The research results have certain guiding significance and reference value for the application, and system design of pulse load in ship power system.