Disentangling the influence of neighborhood type and self-selection on driving behavior: an application of sample selection model |
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Authors: | Xinyu ?Cao |
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Institution: | (1) Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Ave S., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA |
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Abstract: | The causality issue has become one of the key questions in the debate over the relationships between the built environment
and travel behavior. Although previous studies have tested statistical and/or practical significance of the built environment
on travel behavior, few have quantified the relative roles of the built environment and residential self-selection in influencing
travel behavior. Using 1,479 residents living in four traditional and four suburban neighborhoods in Northern California,
this study explores the causal effect of neighborhood type on driving behavior and its relative contribution to the total
influence of neighborhood type. Specifically, this study applied Heckman’s sample selection model to separate the effect of
the built environment itself and the effect of self-selection. The results showed that, on average, the effect of neighborhood
type itself on driving distance was 25.8 miles per week, which accounted for more than three quarters of the total influence
of neighborhood type and 16% of individuals’ overall vehicle miles driven. These results suggest that the effect of the built
environment on driving behavior outweighs that of self-selection. This paper also discussed the advantages and weaknesses
of applying the Heckman’s model to address the self-selection issue.
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Keywords: | Causality Land use Smart growth Transportation Treatment effect |
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