欧洲轨道车辆产品禁限用物质管控研究

欧洲铁路行业协会管控是欧洲轨道车辆产品环保符合性的行业要求,以欧洲铁路行业物质清单为依据,从禁限用物质的法律法规要求和识别、管控指标分级及要求制定、过程风险识别及供应链管理等4个方面对欧洲轨道车辆产品禁限用物质管控措施进行探讨。依据对禁用物质和申报评估物质的要求,逐步推行禁限用物质风险识别,进行分级分类管理;产品检测采用抽检和制造商自我申明相结合的方式;推行绿色供应链,从源头规避禁限用物质的使用。为我国轨道车辆企业进入欧洲市场探索出一种切实可行的管理控制方法,是一种缩小与欧盟国家环保技术水平差距的有效方式。

Study on the Management and Control of Prohibited and Restricted Substances in European Rail Vehicle Products

The management and control of the Union of European Railway Industries(UNIFE) is the industry requirement for environmental protection conformance of European rail transit vehicle products. Based on UNIFE-RISL list, this paper discusses the management and control measures on prohibited and restricted substances in European rail vehicle products from four aspects: statutory and regulatory requirements and identification of prohibited and restricted substances, classification of management and control indicators and formulation of requirements, process risk identification, and supply chain management. According to the requirements of P(AR) and D(FA), the risk identification of prohibited and restricted substances is gradually carried out for level-to-level and classified management;product inspection is combined with casual inspection and manufacturer’s self-declaration;it is an effective way to shorten the gap of environmental protection technology level between China and EU countries by promoting green supply chain and avoiding the use of prohibited and restricted substances from the source to find a feasible management and control method for China rail transit vehicle enterprises to enter the European market.