德国环境损害救济制度及其启示

德国将不同类型的环境损害行为与不同的救济方式相对应,适用不同的法律规定,实行不同的归责原则,形成了比较完备的救济制度。而我国目前对环境损害行为并无分类,适用《侵权责任法》和有关环境保护的法律规定,实行无过错责任原则和举证责任倒置等制度,这种笼统的法律适用对部分行为人并不公平。通过借鉴德国的制度并结合我国法律实践,可将环境损害行为类型化为生活性环境污染损害、生产经营性环境污染损害和具有社会公益性质的行为所造成的环境污染损害,不同类型的环境损害行为在法律适用、归责原则,举证责任方面有所区别。

German Environmental Damage Relief System and Its Enlightenment

In Germany different types of environmental damage behavior correspond to different relief ways and areapplicable to different laws and imputation principle,which forms a relatively complete relief system.But in Chinaall types of environmental damage behavior are defined as ＂environmental tort＂ applicable to the tort liability lawand regulations on environmental protection law,implementing the no-fault imputation principles and onus pro-bandi inversion system,which is not fair for some of the feason.Although some scholars have proposed classifyingenvironmental damage behaviors,but the classification criteria are unable to solve the current problems in theoryand practice system.By drawing lessons from German related system and combining our country＇s legislation andjudicial practice,environmental damage behavior type can be turned into environmental damage of people＇s every-day life,of production activities and of public welfare behavior so that we can apply different laws and regulationswith different relief system.