An algorithm for combining autonomous vehicles and controlled events in driving simulator experiments |
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Authors: | Johan Olstam Stéphane Espié Selina Måardh Jonas Jansson Jan Lundgren |
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Institution: | aSwedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden;bLinköping University, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;cINRETS (Institut National de REcherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité), 58, Bd Lefebvre F-75732 Paris, France |
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Abstract: | Autonomous vehicles can be used to create realistic simulations of surrounding vehicles in driving simulators. However, the use of autonomous vehicles makes it difficult to ensure reproducibility between subjects. In this paper, an effort is made to solve the problem by combining autonomous vehicles and controlled events. A controlled event can be compared to a theatre play. The aim is to achieve the same initial play conditions for each subject, which can be problematic since the traffic situation around the subject will be dependent upon each subject’s actions while driving in autonomous traffic. This paper presents an algorithm that achieves the transition from autonomous traffic to a predefined start condition for a play. The algorithm has been tested in the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) driving simulator III with promising results. In most of the cases we examined the algorithm could reconstruct the specified start condition and conduct the transition from autonomous to controlled mode in a inconspicuous way. Some problems were observed regarding moving unwanted vehicles away from the closest area around the simulator vehicle, and this part of the algorithm has to be enhanced. The experiment also showed that the subjects drove faster in the presence of controlled everyday life traffic normally used in the VTI driving simulator than in autonomous traffic. |
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Keywords: | Traffic simulation Microscopic simulation Driving simulators Surrounding vehicles Experimental design |
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