The creation and maintenance of a Stigmatized occupation: an historical analysis of the American merchant marine

This paper examines the historical circumstances that have stigmatized the American seaman. Once a respected occupation, the stigma is shown to be the result of structural antecedents: laws regulating maritime labour; hiring practices; changes in the economy and the good intentions of charitable institutions. Reasons for the persistence of stigma despite improved wages and working conditions are discussed as well as the future role of technology in bringing higher social status to seaman.