奥运前后道路交通运行状况调查与分析

为了确保第29届奥运会顺畅进行，北京交通部门组织实施了一系列交通需求管制措施。本文首先对北京奥运交通管制措施进行了简单介绍，然后基于实际调研数据分析了交通管制对道路交通结构和流量的影响，发现道路非机动车和公交车辆与管制强度成正比，道路流量和负荷度与管制强度成反比。数据分析表明，实施奥运交通管制后，早高峰快速路小汽车比例下降15.68%，公交车比例增长了2.85%；快速路、主干道、次干道和支路单车道机动车流量分别降低了18.84%，22.13%，38.5%和24.63%，道路负荷度分别降低59.09%、20.00%、68.75%和6.25%，保证了奥运赛事交通组织的顺利进行。

Comparison of Pre- & Post-Olympic Traffic —A Case Study of Several Roads in Beijing

During the 29th Olympic Games, the Organizing Committee proposed and applied a series of traffic control measures. This paper first introduces the traffic control measures, and then analyzes their effects on road traffic structure and volume. It resulted that the ratio of non-motorized vehicles and buses are directly proportional to the intensity of traffic control, while the traffic volume and V/C ratio are inversely proportional to it. The survey data indicated that with the launch of the traffic control measures, the ratio of passenger cars on expressway declined by 15.68% while that of buses inclined by 2.85% in AM peak. The vehicle volume of expressway, arterial road, secondary road, and branch road declined by 18.84%, 22.13%, 38.5%, and 24.63%, respectively by lane, while the V/C ratio decreased by 59.09%, 20.00%, 68.75%, and 6.25%, respectively, in AM peak.