透水框架坝生态效应研究

为了研发生态结构,给生态航道建设提供技术支撑,在进行水生生物调研分析的基础上,提出了透水框架坝的结构形式。通过开展相应的水槽试验,对比分析透水坝与实体坝的作用区别,并结合水槽试验成果,从集鱼效应、提高鱼类栖息适合度等方面分析透水框架坝的生态效应。得到主要结论如下:1)从流场分布来看,实体坝在坝后一定范围内存在回流区;框架坝坝后无回流区存在; 2)相对于实体坝,透水坝作用效果较弱(冲刷坑深度约为实体坝的60%),作用时间更长; 3)透水框架坝能够起到人工鱼礁的作用,框架坝的内部空隙为鱼类等水生生物提供栖息庇护场所,对鱼类有较强的诱集效果; 4)框架坝通过提高水体含氧量和提高有利于鱼类的流速区面积来提高鱼类的栖息适合度。

Study on ecological effects of penetrating frame dam

In order to research and develop ecological structure and provide technical support for the construction of ecological channel,based on the investigation and analysis of aquatic organisms,the structure form of penetrating frame dam is proposed.Based on the results of the flume experiment,the difference between the penetrating frame dam and the solid dam is analyzed,and the ecological effect of the penetrating frame dam is analyzed from the aspects of fish-collecting effect and improving the habitat suitability of fish.The main conclusions are as follows:1)According to the flow field distribution,there is a return current zone behind the dam for solid dam within a certain range,there is no return current zone behind a penetrating frame dam;2)Penetrating frame dams are proved weaker (the depth of scour hole of penetrating frame dams is 60% that of the solid dams) and last longer;3)Penetrating frame dams can play the role of artificial fish reef,the internal gap of frame dam provides habitat for fish and other aquatic creatures,and has a strong attraction effect on fish;4)Penetrating frame dams improves the habitat suitability of the fish by increasing the oxygen content in the water and the area of the velocity zone.