‘Regulated deregulation’ of local bus services—An appraisal of international developments |
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Authors: | Didier van de Velde Ian Wallis |
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Affiliation: | 1. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Section Policy, Organisation, Law and Gaming, The Netherlands;2. inno-V Consultancy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Ian Wallis Associates, Wellington, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | The deregulation of the British bus sector (outside London) in 1986 was the start of a debate on the merits of ‘deregulation’ and ‘competitive tendering’. The period that followed was rich in lessons. New Zealand was at the time the only other country engaging in a reform based upon market initiative (implemented in 1991). Other countries chose for a less extreme and more consensual way to introduce competitive incentives, choosing the fundamentally different competitive tendering (CT) path. As a result, the so-called ‘Scandinavian model’ developed, based upon the London example of route tendering. Later the Netherlands adopted a network tendering approach, resembling the French practice of network tendering though with more operator freedom. |
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Keywords: | Deregulation Local buses Great Britain New Zealand Sweden |
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