模拟退火算法在轨道车辆司机室蒙皮成形工艺参数优化中的应用

蒙皮拉延成形中涉及到的工艺参数众多,取值区间不连续,难以通过单因素优化方法获取生产所需的最优工艺参数组合。提出了一种基于响应面模型和模拟退火算法的蒙皮成形工艺参数组合优化方法。以轨道车辆司机室蒙皮为例,根据产品需求和生产工况设计了工艺参数组合,通过有限元仿真方式获取了不同工艺参数组合下工件成形效果,建立了回弹量、最大应力与工艺参数组合之间的响应面模型;通过模拟退火算法,在工件不断裂前提下,将工件成形后的回弹量由前期工艺试制时的32 mm降低至6.89 mm,并获取了最小回弹量对应的工艺参数组合。采用优化后的工艺参数组合指导工艺试制,成形件满足试制工艺条件,且回弹量的试验结果和优化结果相吻合。结果表明:该蒙皮成形工艺参数优化方法可以有效降低工件成形后的形状误差,并为后续模具型面补偿提供依据。

Parameters of S-A Algorithm in Covering Skin Forming of Railway Vehicle Cab

The forming parameters involved in the covering skin draw forming are numerous and discontinuous.It is difficult to get the optimal forming parameters by the single factor optimization method.An integrated optimization method based on R-S(Response Surface)model and S-A(Simulated Annealing)algorithm was proposed.The railway vehicle cab covering skin was chosen as the research object,the optimization parameters were designed according to the product demand and manufacturing condition.The forming effects under different forming parameters combinations were obtained using finite element(FE)simulation,and the R-S model was built between the springback,maximum stress and forming parameters combinations.The springback was reduced from 32 mm in previous forming to 6.89 mm by using S-A algorithm under the condition of no fracture,and the optimal forming parameters combinations corresponding to minimum springback were obtained.The optimal forming parameters were adopted to guide the experiment,the formed workpiece met the technical conditions,and the measured springback met well with the optimal results.The result has shown that the optimization method can effectively reduce the shape error,and provide a basis for the subsequent mold surface modification.