On the dilution of liquid waste in ships' wakes |
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Authors: | Hsien-Ter Chou |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, 32054 Chung-Li, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | A study of the mixing behavior of liquid waste after ocean dumping is essential for the identification of dump sites, as well
as for impact assessment on the surrounding oceanic waters. The dilution of liquid waste in the wakes of ships at sea is explored
in this study, and the effects of the circumstances of the discharge operation such as the discharge rate, and the size and
speed of the vessel, and the oceanic parameters such as currents and turbulence level in the water column, are examined. the
mixing process is categorized into three stages: near-wake, far-wake, and long-term diffusion. Dilution rates in the three
stages are derived, based on the theories of diffusion and momentumless wakes. In the far-wake stage, the speed of the ship
is the most effective parameter in enhancing the dilution rate. The formulae for dilution rates in the farwake stage and for
long-term diffusion agree well with field measurements, while the well-known IMCO formula underestimates the dilution rate.
Presented at the International Conference on Technology for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September
24–29, 1995. |
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Keywords: | dilution momentumless wake liquid waste ocean dumping turbulent diffusion |
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