考虑公交接驳的地铁网络韧性评估及故障修复策略

地铁网络突发重大事故后，通常会启动公交接驳疏散滞留乘客。提出衡量网络性能的网络效率可达性指标，考虑地铁站点发生故障后公交接驳对乘客的紧急疏散作用。基于网络效率可达性指标构建韧性评估模型，提出多故障下以韧性最大化为目标的修复策略，并以上海市地铁网络为例进行实例研究。研究结果表明，单个站点发生故障后启动公交接驳可使网络性能损失降低5.1%；占网络站点总数2.14%的多个站点发生故障后启动公交接驳可使网络性能损失降低13.48%；多故障下相比基于站点度、介数、脆弱性等评估得到的修复序列，基于韧性评估得到的最优修复序列可使网络性能累积损失降低2.86%。此外，研究发现在公交接驳场景下，当地铁网络中多个站点发生故障后，优先修复客流量大、站点周边线路稀疏、失效后造成影响大且修复时间短的站点，有助于降低网络性能的累积损失。

Resilience Evaluation and Failure Recovery Strategy of Metro Network Considering Bus Connection Scenario

Bus connections are typically used to evacuate stranded passengers in the case of sudden failure of metro networks. A network efficiency accessibility index was proposed to measure network performance considering the emergency evacuation effect of bus connections on passengers after metro station failures. Based on the network efficiency accessibility index, a resilience evaluation model was constructed, and an optimal repair strategy aimed at maximizing resilience under multiple station failures was proposed. An example of a Shanghai metro network is studied. The results show that starting bus connections after a single-station failure can reduce the network performance loss by 5.1%. Starting bus connections after the failures of multiple stations, accounting for 2.14% of the total number of network stations, can reduce the network performance loss by 13.48%. In the case of multiple station failures, compared to repair sequences based on degree, betweenness, and vulnerability, the repair sequence based on resilience evaluation can reduce the cumulative loss of network performance by 2.86%. In addition, the study found that in the bus connection scenario, when multiple stations in the metro network fail, the stations with large passenger flow, sparse lines around the stations, large impact after failure, and short repair time should be repaired first, which will help reduce the cumulative loss of network performance.