驾驶中拨打手机对驾驶人脑力负荷及驾驶行为的影响分析

基于驾驶模拟实验平台,选择高速公路、城市道路2种交通环境,对3名低龄驾驶人正常驾驶与拨打手机驾驶情况下的脑力负荷及驾驶行为表征指标进行了全程监测。每组实验时间约为15min。其中,脑力负荷评估采用心率变异性相关指标,驾驶行为表征采用后视镜使用、转向灯使用、档位变换及速度变化等指标。实验结果表明,相比于正常状态驾驶中拨打手机时心率变异性指标,出现了驾驶人LFNU指标增大、HFNU指标减小、LF/HF比值明显增大、TP增大的现象,规律明显。在排除驾驶疲劳对心电指标产生影响的可能后,可初步判定出现以上现象的原因是拨打手机引起了驾驶人脑力负荷的大幅增加。在驾驶人认知资源有限的情况下,脑力负荷的增大造成了驾驶人在信息获取、转向灯使用、档位变换和车速保持等方面的能力有不同程度的下降。综上所述,驾驶中拨打手机使得驾驶人脑力负荷大幅增加,进而对驾驶行为产生了诸多负面影响,给交通安全带来了隐患。因此,建议相关部门在法律、法规中对驾驶中拨打手机的行为加以限制,以减少交通事故风险。

Effect of Using Cell Phone while Driving on Mental Workload and Driving Behavior

Based on the platform on driving simulation,through selecting highway and urban road as experimental environment,the index of mental workload and driving behaviors of drivers have been monitored through the whole process.Each experiment lasts about 15 minutes.In the experiments HRV is used as assessment index of mental workload,while the use of rearview mirror,steering lamp and vehicle speed are used as indices on driver behavior.The experimental results show that compared with normal driving,when cell phone is used in driving,the phenomenon appeared-the driver＇s LFNU and HFNU decrease,and LF/HF increases obviously and TP increases,too.Excluding the effects of driving fatigue,it can be preliminarily concluded that the phenomenon is caused by increment of mental workload by using of cell phone.Under the situation of limited cognitive resource,the increment of mental workload causes the different degree decrease of abilities about information acquisition,use of steering lamp,gear position operation and speed control.In a word,using cell phone in driving can cause the increase of mental workload,and can produce negative effect on driving behaviors and generate potential safety hazard.Therefore,the departments concerned should make legal limits on using cell phone in driving to reduce risks of traffic accidents.