高速道岔尖轨磨耗规律及对动力学性能的影响

研究目的:针对高速道岔尖轨的磨耗问题,目前高速铁路养护维修部门通过钢轨打磨、调整几何形位、更换钢轨件等措施进行定期整治,但多为基于工程经验和现场情况的被动性方法,整治效果并不显著,磨耗问题仍不断出现,无法从根本上彻底解决。因此,需要对道岔区轮轨相互作用关系进行深入研究,探明岔区钢轨磨耗的产生及发展规律,以及因磨耗引起的列车过岔动力学性能演化规律,从而有针对性地提出科学、合理的整治方法。研究结论:(1)随着道岔服役时间的增长,转辙器尖轨和基本轨的磨耗均不断加重;(2)直尖轨垂向磨耗情况较曲尖轨严重,两者垂向磨耗均是随着断面不断加宽呈现先增后减的趋势,分别在顶宽35 mm、50 mm断面位置最为严重;直、曲基本轨垂向磨耗均是随着断面的加宽总体呈减小的趋势;(3)曲尖轨侧磨情况明显较直尖轨严重,两者均是从3 mm宽断面开始呈现先增后减的趋势,直尖轨在顶宽5 mm断面位置侧磨最严重,曲尖轨在顶宽20 mm断面位置侧磨最严重;直、曲基本轨的侧磨程度基本相当且数值均较小;(4)随着尖轨磨耗程度的加剧,将会一定程度地导致轮轨动力相互作用的增大,进而提升了安全运行风险,但对车体振动加速度等舒适性指标则影响较弱;(5)本研究成果可为高速道岔设计、施工和运营维护提供一定参考。

The Law of Switch Rail Wear in High-speed Turnout and Its Effect on Dynamic Performance

Research purposes:In view of the wear problem of high-speed turnout switch rail,the current high-speed railway maintenance department regularly maintains it by rail grinding,adjusting the geometric shape and replacing the rail parts,but most of them are passive methods based on engineering experience and site conditions,and the maintenance effect is not significant,the problem of wear continues to emerge and cannot be completely solved.Hence,the interaction between the wheel and rail in the turnout area should be studied in depth in order to find out the law of the occurrence and development of rail wear in the turnout area and the evolution law of train dynamics caused by wear.Research conclusions:(1)As the service life of the switch rail increases,the wear of the switch rail and stock rail in switch proper of turnout is increasing.(2)The vertical wear of the straight switch rail is larger than that of the curved switch rail.The vertical wear of both the straight and curved switch rail have the trend of increasing first and then decreasing as the section is widening,which is the most serious in the top width of 35 mm and 50 mm,respectively.The vertical wear of the straight and curved stock rail have a general trend of decreasing with the widening of the section.(3)The side wear of the curved switch rail is more serious than that of the straight switch rail.Both of them have the trend of increasing first and then decreasing from the top width of 3 mm.The side wear of the straight and curved switch rail is most serious in the top width of 5 mm and 20 mm,respectively.The degrees of the side wear in straight and curved stock rail are basically equivalent and the amounts are all minor.(4)As the wear of the switch rail increases,the wheel-rail dynamic interaction will increase to a certain extent,which will increase the risk of safe operation,but it has less impact on the comfort index of the vehicle vibration acceleration.(5)The research results can provide a reference for the design,construction,operation and maintenance of the high-speed turnout.