高速道岔发展及研究现状分析

高速道岔是高速线路中必不可少的轨道设备,岔区结构复杂,轮轨接触应力大,更易造成轮轨损伤磨耗及疲劳破坏,威胁高速车辆行车安全,且道岔较区间线路造价昂贵,维护保养困难。因此,了解道岔构造和车辆过岔时的动力学性能,优化岔区轨道廓形及轮轨匹配关系以改善轮轨接触状态、延长道岔使用寿命势在必行。从高速道岔的发展现状出发,阐述数个拥有高速道岔自主产权国家的道岔发展,对比分析了岔区线型、道岔结构特点。通过岔区轮轨关系分析及车辆动力学仿真研究,总结了国内外道岔的研究现状,通过对岔区不同断面进行轮轨匹配研究,提出岔区的发展趋势及研究方向,以期为高速道岔研究与技术创新提供新思路。

Analysis of the Development and Research Status of High-speed Turnout

High-speed turnout is an indispensable part of high-speed lines. It has complex structure and high wheel-rail contact stress, which are more likely to cause wheel-rail damage and fatigue, and threaten the safety of high-speed vehicles. High speed turnout is expensive and difficult to maintain. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the structure of the turnout and the dynamic performance of the vehicle running over it, and to optimize the turnout profile and wheel-rail matching relationship to improve the wheel-rail contact state and extend the service life of the turnout. This paper starts from the development status of high-speed turnouts and expounds the development of high-speed turnouts in some countries, and compares the characteristics of line type, rail type and turnout structure. The paper summarizes the research status of the domestic and foreign turnouts through analysis of wheel-rail relationship and vehicle dynamics simulation in the turnout area, and addresses the wheel-rail matching of different sections in the turnout area. The development trend and research direction of turnouts are proposed to provide new ideas for academic research and technological innovation of high-speed turnout.