中外铁路隧道防灾救援设计标准比较分析

为分析中外铁路设计标准差异,通过广泛调研国内外铁路隧道防灾救援研究现状及深入研究中国标准及国际标准,分析不同标准下铁路隧道合分修、紧急出口设置、救援通道、待避场坪等设计标准条目差异,并以B国DY高铁项目为依托,对同一隧道按不同标准开展防灾救援设计,得出差异较大的设计结果。较之中国标准,同等条件下按照国际标准进行的隧道防灾疏散救援设计,人员逃生路径短,疏散耗时少,获救概率更高,但国际标准对应更高的建设及运营维护成本。通过中外标准规范条目对比及实际工程案例设计对比研究,总结出了中外标准铁路隧道防灾救援设计异同,研究成果对促进中国隧道设计适应国际市场及中国高铁"走出去"具有重要意义。

Comparative Analysis on Disaster Prevention and Rescue Design of Railway Tunnels with Chinese and International Standards

In order to analyze the difference between Chinese and foreign railway design standards,this paper extensively investigates the conditions of disaster prevention and rescue of railway tunnels in China and abroad,and analyzes the differences in design standards for single or double hole of railway tunnels,arrangement of emergency exit,rescue passages and rescue site formation under Chinese and International standards.On the basis of DY high-speed railway project of country B,the disaster prevention and rescue design of the same tunnel conducted according to different standards show great differences.Compared with the Chinese standard,the tunnel disaster prevention and evacuation design according to international standards under the same conditions show shorter personnel escape path,less evacuation time and higher probability of rescue,but the international standard corresponds to higher construction,operation and maintenance costs.Through contrastive study of Chinese and foreign codes and design in actual engineering cases,the similarities and differences of disaster prevention and rescue design between Chinese and foreign standard railway tunnels are summed up.The research results are of great significance for promoting China’s tunnel design to adapt to international market and"going out"of China’s high-speed railway strategy.