A review of the evidence for induced travel and changes in transportation and environmental policy in the US and the UK |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BU, UK;2. Jack Favcett Associates, 2855 Mitchell Dr. Suite 203, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China;4. Center for Energy Development and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang, Jiangsu 212013, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Built Environment Research Institute, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim BT37 0QB, UK;2. School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. The Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper reviews recent research into the demand inducing effects of new transportation capacity. We begin with a discussion of the basic theoretical background and then review recent research both in the UK and the US. Results of this research show strong evidence that new transportation capacity induces increased travel, both due to short run effects and long run changes in land use development patterns. While this topic has long been debated amongst transportation planners, the fundamental hypothesis and theory has long been apparent in studies of transportation economics and planning that evaluated different issues (e.g. travel time budgets and urban economic development effects). We summarize much of this work and relate the theoretical issues to recent empirical research. We then proceed to examine recent changes in transportation and environmental policy in the US and the UK. The role of the new knowledge of induced travel effects would be expected to lead to changes in the conduct of transportation and environmental policy. Changes in policy and implementation of those policies are still occurring and we provide some suggestions on how to move forward in these areas. |
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